Nozzle with ram jet action



Jan. 5, 1954 A. N. STANTON NOZZLE WITH RAM JET ACTION Filed March 15, 1951 Fig. 2

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INVENTORY Fig.5

Patented Jan. 5, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE NOZZLE WITH RAM JET ACTION Austin N. Stanton, Garland, Tex.

Application March 15, 1951, Serial No. 215,703

8 Claims.

This invention relates to nozzles and more particularly to nozzles for producing an intermit tent high pressure flow of liquid through the nozzle when the nozzle is connected to a supply of liquid under comparatively low pressure.

In many applications e. g., washing automobiles, it is desirable to direct a stream of jet of water under high pressure against a surface which is incrusted with mud or other material in order to remove such material from the surface. Where a supply of water under high pressure is available, a flexible hose provided with an ordinary nozzle may be employed. Where the supply of water, however is under low pressure, the stream of jet of water delivered by an ordinary nozzle will have a low velocity and will therefore be unable to wash away the incrustations of mud or other matter. It is desirable that, in such installation, the nozzle deliver a jet of water of high velocity, even though the supply of water is under comparatively low pressure.

Accordingly, it is an object of my invention to provide a new and improved nozzle.

It is another object of my invention to provide a new and improved nozzle which provides a high velocity jet of liquid when connected to a supply of liquid under low pressure.

Briefly stated, my new and improved nozzle comprises a cylindrical member one of whose ends is adapted to be connected to a flexible hose. The opposite end is externally threaded to engage an internally threaded cap provided with a central aperture and a plurality of outer apertures radially spaced about the central aperture. A nozzle member having a tapered forward extension is held for reciprocal movement between the cap and stops provided within the cylindrical member. The nozzle member is biased to an inward position with respect to the cylindrical member by a spring. In operation the liquid under low pressure flows through the cylindrical member, the nozzle member and the outer apertures until it attains a certain velocity. At that time the nozzle member is moved forwardly against the resistance of the spring by the force of flow of the liquid and closes the outer apertures. The liquid may then flow only through the nozzle member. The inertia of the liquid tends to maintain the same volume of water flowing through the cylindrical member and as a result, a jet of liquid of relatively high pressure is forced through the nozzle member. When the velocity of flow of the liquid is decreased, the forcetending to move the nozzle member forward is decreased and it moves back to its original position due to the force exerted by the spring. The outer apertures now being open, the velocity of the fluid flowing through the cylindrical member again increases until it exerts a suificient force to move the nozzle member forwardly. The cycle of operation recurs as long as the liquid under pressure is supplied to the cylindrical member. In other embodiments of my invention, the nozzle member is maintained stationary but a valve member is provided which reciprocates in a similar manner to deliver an intermittent high pressure jet of liquid.

For a better understanding of my invention, reference may be had to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawing,

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the assembled nozzle;

Figure 2 is a side plan view of the nozzle member;

Figure 3 is a perspective view of the cap;

Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modified form of the device illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3; and,

Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of still another modified form of the device illustrated in Figure 1.

Referring now to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the drawing, a cylindrical member lfl preferably formed of metal is externally threaded on one end, as at H, to engage and hold the internally threaded cap I2. The opposite end of cylindrical member Ill is enlarged as at I3. The enlarged part [3 of cylindrical member if] is internally threaded to engage a fitting on the end of a hose. A washer M of rubber or other resilient substance may be provided to ensure a watertight joint between cylindrical member Ill. and the hose fitting, not shown, to which it is to be attached.

Cap I2 is provided with a plurality of outer apertures l5 and a central aperture It. A nozzle member I! has an intermediate cylindrical portion 18 extending through the central aperture It. The front end I9 of nozzle member I! is tapered from intermediate portion 18 while the rear end is provided with a forwardly extending flange 2!] which is connected to nozzle member H by an integral annular wall 2!. Intermediate portion i8. is provided with a plurality of elongated circumferentially spaced apertures gasket 25 closes apertures Hi to prevent passage,

of liquid therethrough. A spring 26 bears against" the cap l2 and against the annular.- .wall; l tobias. nozzle member ll toward stops 24.

In operation, the enlarged portion 13 of cylin- Cylindrical member I is preferably formed of a non-elastic substance since otherwise the added pressure induced by the closing of apertures 15 would cause distention of cylindrical member ID and a consequent loss of pressure at nozzle memher 11. In some applications the flexible hose to which the nozzle is attached may also have to be non-elastic to prevent distention thereof.

Figure 4. illustrates a modified fo rmof the nozzle shownin Figures 1 to,3.' The nozzle member 29 is held stationary with respect to cylindrical member by means of an annular internally threaded outer flange 30 which is connected to the tapered front end 3! of nozzle member 29 by an anr ulus 32 provided with a plurality of outer apertures 33 Nozzle member 29 is also provided drical member I0 is screwed on tl re fitting pnpne, end of a hose Whose other end is connected to la supply of liquid under comparatively low' pressure, such as the water distribution system of a city; Water will thereforeflow.fromthehoseand through. the cylindrical memberwl El. sto .nozzle member ll; Whennoz'zlemember.ll is. in the. position illustrated .inFignre 1, water .willflow. through the elongated..ap.er.tures;.22'. of nozzlememberfl l. and theouterlaperturesl 51 of .cap, [2: as. wellas through .the centralopening .21 of nozzle member ll. Since a large..volume ofwaterwill flow through apertures. .l 5. and: central opening. 21 per unitiof .tlll'le, th'evelocity .ofithewaterflowing through cylindrical .member. ID; .will increase until the forceexerted on.nozzle.,member, iiwill overcome the rearwardly biasing force exerted by spring 26,. Nozzle imemberll will. then move forwardly; Assoona's the nozzlelmemberil. be.. gins to. move forwardly, capl 2. will'begineto, close, off apertures 22.'. SinceLthe inertiaofthewater will tend to maintain its velocityoiflow constant even though its freedom of flowp. .h'as.become.restricted, relativelygreater forces tending toinove nozzle member I! forward willbeexertedbythe water. This increase irr the...forces acting. on nozzle member I! causes it to move forwardyery, quicklyonce. it: starts its. forward; movement. When nozzlemember .l 'Lreachesits most forward position. gasket .2 5; closesouter apertures. i 5.: so. that the water can flow out only throughcentral. opening 21. of ,noz'zle member. .ll Thev velocityof the water. in. cylindrical member i t imparts to it a momentum which tends to cause the .Wateiito;

continue toimove forwardly atthessamenvelocity even .thoughit can nowflowbnly through central openin 2. s a -suit t Wat r a nozz inem: 1 ssi hie i dwa l tir lwv i h eer lT ll Qh $31 2? .3: l -.Wa i nde e 3 sureto be forced outthroughcentral opening fl This jet' will, exist ffor nnly a short period pr time sinc lthe'ye loc i Gf th'e fi Wing waterincylindri; calfmi-imicer l 0 will soon decre se; When this cc ef c rendni t ain ain n zzl mew her I? in' its forwardfposition will decrease and spring 26 will move nozzle member I l to the posi: tion' illustrated in the drawing. This'will-cause the apertures 130 be opened again and thevelocity of water'flo'wing" in cylindrical member 10 will ag'ain increase. This cycle of operation will recur continuously as long. as water is supplied to cylindrical member. .1 .0 and an. intermittent ,high pressure .jet of water .will issue from. nozzle member IT.

The biasing force extendedby spring .26 ican be adjusted by rotating, cap 12 to move itslongitudi-i nal position with respect to cylindrical, member. 10.. A portion28 of cap l2 is knurledto enable. thecap ,l 2 to be easily grasped-even. ,whenavet;

with an innenflang e 34 which is concentric with outer flange 30. A valve member 35 has an inner annularmember 38. The inner annular member 36 is disposed slidingly ,in flange 34 while the outer annularmember. 38.. abuts the rinner sur face ofcylindrical, member [0; in sliding relation therewith and is disposedbetween stops 24 and. annulus..32. Theinner annular 1nemb er1361s; providedwith a plurality of apertures 39g;yvhile; the outer annular member. 3fi hassecured to it a resilient-washer which is adapted, to seat outer; apertures .3'3;Wh.61'l valve, member; 35 isgnoyed to Ward nozzle-member 29;; A spring. 4,t.biases yalye member .35atoward stops.,2,4,-

The nozzleillustrated in Figure dissimilar-$0,. thatshown Figure {l exceptthat-theinner an;., nulanmember .36 hasubeel -.Qmittcd.flnd;the i nner; flange 34=doesnot extend ,as farjntp; cylindrical; member. .I ii; The lmQde (of, operation.;-is;exactly; thesame asthat of the nozzleillustratedinjilig.i urel. Care must-be .takent rs lect a sprains? whose. .resistance to CQmprSS nJ -QQSL 9. 1.21.11; crease.- appreciably ias; t 1. 5 c mpress d: b Ell .fDiti: ward-movementof valyemernber 35,

The,.modevof. operation of thedevice, illus e trated in Figure 4 is similar to thatof thedevice; illustrated in Figuresl to: 3.1; The Yalve;member; 35 will remain instheposition shown.,-in Figure;4; until the. velocity. of. thewater. flowin through cylindricalmemher, .I E(increases,toayaIue izvhiph-1 causes .the.. valve-member; 35;- ..to:;m0ve-: forwardl against the resistance ofspr-ingfll; This results; inathe closing .of .outerapertures ,33iby washer Mir and a consequent-increase; inthe ,pressurerofi the .water at nozzle1member.=-29,,A,-high pres sure..jet,..of. waterewill: therefore. be iorced...-out. the central aperture; 4250f nozzleamembersflz As. soon as the increased. pressure; due;- to zithc. cessation of flow of. water. through apertures-39: and 33 .is relieved, valvemember, 352is. returned. by-hspring. 4 I to the. position illustrated:v in;Fig-.- urel4.

While. I haveshownand describeda preferred embodiment-of my inventionit will .beapparent. that lvariousschanges and modifications ucansbe: madesw'ithout. departing from @my. .inventiomand I, theretore aim in 'theappended. claims to coverall such changes andmodificati'ons-as falLwithin the-true spiri-t and scope-of my inventions What I clainr'as new-and;desire'to'secureby Letters; Patent of the-United States is:

1. In combination: a cylindrical -member adapted to'be; connected to-a source of fluid under pressure; a cap secured-to one'endof said cylindrical member, said cap being providedwith a central aperture and-a plurality oflouter aper-. tures; a nozzle memberextending through. said centralaperture and having. a flange disposeddn said cylindricalsmember and 1a spring-g oper atively associated with said cap and said nozzle member for biasing said flange to a position remote from said cap, said member being provided with circumr'erentially spaced apertures and a central opening, said circumferentially spaced apertures communicating with said outer apertures and the interior of said cylindrical member when said flange is in said position remote from said cap, said flange closing said outer apertures when said flange is moved toward said cap by the force exerted on the nozzle member by fluid flowing from said cylindrical member through said circumferentially spaced lateral apertures and said outer apertures and through said central aperture, said fluid flowing only through said central apertures of said nozzle member when said outer apertures are closed by said flange.

2. A nozzle comprising a cylindrical member adapted to be connected to a source of fluid; an apertured member rigidly secured to one end of said cylindrical member and provided with a plurality of outer apertures and a central aperture; a movable hollow member mounted for reciprocal movement within said cylindrical member adjacent said apertured member, said movable member being adapted to close said outer apertures when moved toward said apertured member by the fluid flowing through said cylindrical member, fluid flowing from said cylindrical member through said movable member and through said outer apertures and said central aperture when said outer apertures are not closed by said movable member, fluid flowing from said cylindrical member through said movable member and only through said central aperture when said outer apertures are closed by said movable member; and a resilient member operatively associated with said movable member for biasing said movable member away from said apertured member.

3. A nozzle comprising a cylindrical member; an apertured member rigidly secured to one end of said cylindrical member and provided with a plurality of outer apertures and a central aperture, said apertures communicating with the interior of said cylindrical member; a movable hollow member mounted for reciprocal movement within said cylindrical member, said movable member closing said outer apertures when moved toward said apertured member by the fluid flowing through said cylindrical member from said source, fluid flowing from said cylindrical member through said movable member and through said outer apertures and said central aperture when said movable member is positioned remote from said apertured member, fluid flowing from said cylindrical member and only through said central aperture when said outer apertures are closed by said movable member; and a resilient member operatively associated with said movable member for biasing said movable member away from said apertured member.

4. A nozzle comprising a cylindrical member adapted to be connected to a source of fluid under pressure; a nozzle member rigidly secured to one end of said cylindrical member, said nozzle member being provided with a central aperture and a plurality of outer apertures disposed about said central aperture; a valve member slidably disposed within said cylindrical member for closing said outer apertures to interrupt a portion of the flow of fluid from said cylindrical member through said nozzle member 6 when the fluid flowing through said cylindrical member attains a predetermined velocity; and

a resilient member between said nozzle member and said valve member for biasing said valve member away from said nozzle member when the velocity of the fluid flowing through said cylindrical member is less than the predetermined velocity.

adapted to be connected to a source of fluid under pressure; a nozzle member rigidly secured to one end of said cylindrical member, said nozzle member being provided with a central aperture and a plurality of outer apertures disposed about said central aperture; a valve member slidably disposed in said cylindrical member and having an outer annular member, an inner annular member, and an annular member perpendicular to and connecting said outer and inner annular members, said outer annular member closing said outer apertures when said valve member is moved toward said nozzle member by the force exerted on said valve member by fluid flowing from said cylindrical member through said valve member and through said outer apertures and said central aperture of said nozzle member to interrupt a portion of the flow and produce a spurt of fluid through said central aperture; and a resilient member between said nozzle member and said valve member for biasing said valve member away from said nozzle member.

6. A nozzle comprising a cylindrical member having one end connected to a source of fluid under pressure; a nozzle member rigidly secured to the other end of said cylindrical member, said nozzle member being provided with a central aperture and a plurality of outer apertures disposed about said central aperture; a hollow valve member slidably disposed in said cylindrical member and having an outer annular member, an inner annular member and an annular member perpendicular to and connecting said outer and inner annular members, said outer annular member closing said outer apertures when said valve member is moved toward said nozzle member; said inner annular member being provided with a plurality of apertures which communicate with said outer apertures when said valve member is in a position remote from said nozzle member, said nozzle member comprising an inner annular flange disposed in telescoped relation with said inner annular member; and a resilient member between said valve member and said nozzle member for biasing said valve member away from said nozzle member, said valve member being moved toward said nozzle member against the resistance of said resilient member when the fluid flowing from one end of said cylindrical member to the other exceeds a predetermined velocity by the force exerted on said valve member by said fluid, fluid flowing from said cylindrical member through the apertures in said inner annular member and said outer apertures and through said central aperture when said valve member is remote from said nozzle member, fluid flowing from said cylindrical member through said valve member and said central aperture when said valve member is moved toward said nozzle member to close said outer apertures.

'7. Apparatus for delivering an intermittently spurting jet of fluid comprising a cylindrical member having a fluid inlet for feeding it with fluid under pressure and a fluid outlet; a nozzle memhenwlosinsg ame-flu dvo flpt zandhhavimizze, main centrah aper ture eandya. plqralitrh f ou t ry apertures; i -valve, membex'r i S3151: IQYliQQLZiQaL membex. movable toward npzfl e mgmbexi foruclosin y said outeranefiuas ni ine s lien member biasing said valv mem em nqrmalhz to,maintain, said va lve memben remqt zixqmi nozzle member, said valve membeg-.bing;.-mW.6d/ toward; said ;n z.z1e.-;mmhe1eit9,,eloseesaid oute a ertures by the fprqes exergbed by the ifiuil'iflsiwfity aidpfiu d, iemeeds la apredeiiernun gi va1ue,; said resilient; \membezg moving said valve, member,- aw y nom. said;ansazzlsa member when, the velocity of;Lthe.fiuidi fipwing ihmugy ;said. cylindricali membex: f allsebelowisaid 1igrxaiisz fix:- mined i-value 8. v Apparatus I01, delivering aminpfi imimntlx: S rtin jet Q fluid comprisin h i indris ilv membephaving; a iiuid inietw fqx i-i fifidifi iiirw th; fiuid= linden p1:esure and, .a,flu d\ out ets; an apex: turedemembeni losin isa fliiiu d autlenlandm ne videdlw iih; ai -pluralit q i i a giw e-ian ii aecentnal aDQlftllIjB-g-g mevablesmembe i rgoumzede or; reciQiQ -I- mqvememiwimin ,isaidicy nslrisah member.- adjacenti. said apex-m red, member. ion

e1 sigg s aid outer ape gture; and. a. r.e5i1ient mem;

ive 0m i lir"1t m intain; sa d m e m re pie pm said a er u ed m h idim ablmmembex: being; moved tpwardi said d aper: tuned; member.- to deluge .s a id ,outenapertuxes by the fgrcQS; exerted .bv/ohe nuid fldwing thrqughf sa cylindrica member. when the velocity of saixiwfluid exceeds a, predetermined value, said,

esili nt, mfim mt movin i valve member ii .3 ;fpor n eaid apertureddmember when the velqcijay ofqthe fluid flowing through. Said 'cy (1111631 member falls: below said predetermined value.

AUSTIN N. STANTON;

References; Cited; in.- .the;vfi1e; f;this; patent UIEIITEDYFSTAZIIES PATENTS;

Bnoussaxduxnuun June "12, 179751 

